What is PLA?
PLA stands for Polylactic Acid, also called polylactic acid. It is a bioplastic, meaning it is made from natural sources such as corn or sugar cane. Unlike petroleum-based plastics, PLA is biodegradable and is often considered a more environmentally friendly alternative.
Characteristics of PLA:
- Biodegradable: Because PLA is produced from renewable raw materials, it is biodegradable under the right conditions, such as in an industrial composting facility.
- Low Melting Point: PLA melts at approximately 180-220°C, making it easy to work with in FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printers.
- Odorless: PLA does not emit harmful fumes during printing, making it a safe choice for indoor use.
Applications of PLA
PLA is a versatile material that can be used for a wide range of 3D printing applications, both for hobbyists and professional applications. Here are some popular uses of PLA:
1. Prototypes
PLA is an excellent material for prototyping. It is relatively inexpensive, easy to print and provides a smooth finish. For designers who want to quickly visualize an idea, PLA is often the first choice.
2. Decorative Objects
PLA's aesthetic properties, such as its smooth surface and ability to print in many different colors, make it popular for making decorative objects such as vases, figurines and works of art.
3. Toys and Models
Because PLA is safe to use and does not emit toxic fumes, it is often used for 3D printing toys and scale models. It is a favorite choice among modelers for creating detailed miniatures.
4. Educational Use
PLA is an ideal material for educational purposes, for example in schools or universities, because of its low cost and ease of use. Students can quickly realize their designs and gain hands-on experience with 3D printing.
Advantages of PLA
PLA has many advantages, especially for beginners in 3D printing and people who value environmental friendliness. Here are some of the main benefits:
- Environmentally Friendly: PLA is made from renewable resources and is biodegradable, making it a greener choice compared to many other plastics.
- Easy to print: PLA is one of the most user-friendly materials for 3D printers. It has a low melting temperature, adheres well to the print bed and does not require a heated print bed, although this is recommended.
- Odorless printing: Unlike other filaments such as ABS, PLA produces little odor during printing, making it more pleasant to use indoors.
Disadvantages of PLA
Although PLA offers many advantages, there are also some disadvantages to consider when choosing this material:
- Not heat resistant: PLA has a relatively low melting temperature, which means it is vulnerable to deformation when exposed to high temperatures (e.g. near a heat source).
- Limited durability: PLA is less durable than some other plastics such as ABS or PETG. It is more susceptible to breaking or cracking under pressure, especially in thin or complex structures.
- Moisture sensitive: PLA is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air. This can negatively affect print quality and make the material brittle. It is therefore important to store PLA dry and well closed.
3D printing with PLA
Using PLA in a 3D printer is relatively easy, even for beginners. Here are some steps and tips to get the best results:
1. Preparation of the Print Bed
Although PLA does not require a heated print bed, it may be helpful to warm the print bed to approximately 50-60°C for better adhesion. If necessary, use a printing surface such as blue painter's tape or spray adhesive for extra grip.
2. Setting the Print Temperature
Set the hotend temperature of your 3D printer to approximately 180-220°C, depending on the specific properties of the PLA filament you are using. Experiment with the temperature to see what gives the best results for your filament.
3. Storage of PLA
PLA should always be stored dry as it can absorb moisture from the air. This can lead to poorer printing results, such as a rough finish or even blockages in the printer. Use an airtight container and add desiccant to keep moisture out.
Frequently asked questions about PLA
1. Is PLA environmentally friendly?
Yes, PLA is one of the most environmentally friendly 3D printing materials because it is made from renewable raw materials and is biodegradable under the right conditions.
2. Can PLA be used outdoors?
PLA is not ideal for outdoor applications as it is sensitive to UV light and heat, which can lead to deformation or degradation of the material.
3. Should I store PLA filament in special conditions?
Yes, PLA is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture. It is recommended to store PLA in an airtight container with moisture absorbents.
4. Is PLA safe to work with in the home?
Yes, PLA is safe for indoor use because it does not emit harmful fumes during printing. This makes it a popular choice for home use.
5. What is the ideal temperature for printing PLA?
The ideal printing temperature for PLA is usually between 180-220°C, depending on the printer and the specific filament.
6. How does PLA compare to ABS?
PLA is easier to print and more environmentally friendly than ABS, but it is less heat resistant and less durable, making ABS better suited for industrial applications.
